A urinalysis tests the urine for colour, clarity (clear or cloudy), odour, concentration, and pH (acidity or alkalinity). It also checks for abnormal levels of protein, sugar, and blood cells or other substances that, if found in the urine, may mean an illness or disease somewhere in the body.

A person may have a urinalysis:

• To screen for a disease or infection of the urinary tract. Symptoms that may cause a doctor to order a urine test include discoloured or foul-smelling urine, pain during urination, trouble urinating, flank pain, or fever.
• To monitor the treatment of certain conditions, such as diabetes, kidney stones, urinary tract infection, or some types of kidney or liver disease.