Mastitis is a term used for a range of conditions that involve inflammation in the breast tissue. The small ducts that carry milk sometimes become inflamed and narrow, and occasionally infected. This can slow the flow of milk, causing symptoms such as tenderness, swelling, warmth or redness. What was once called a “plugged duct” is now understood to be inflammation rather than a true blockage. 

There are a number of things you can do to help reduce inflammation and manage discomfort: 

• Feed your baby on demand, following their cues. Feed until you are comfortable and your baby has had enough milk. Your breast does not need to drain fully
• Feeding more often or more than needed can increase milk production and worsen inflammation
• Change your baby’s nursing position so that their bottom jaw is over the sore area to encourage proper drainage
• To help reduce inflammation, apply cold packs or ice to the breast for 10 to 20 minutes at a time, or as often as every hour if it feels helpful
• Consider using an anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen, to help reduce inflammation and relieve pain
• A pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, may also be used as needed for discomfort
• If your breasts are uncomfortably full, hand expressing small volumes of milk between feedings may provide some relief
• Wear a supportive bra that is comfortable and not too tight
• You may want to try lecithin supplements (soy or sunflower) to help reduce inflammation and improve the flow of milk* 

*Follow package directions for dosing. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine recommends 5 to10 g per day. Consult your healthcare provider if you have questions. 

Limit breast pump use with an inflamed breast. Pumping the inflamed breast may stimulate more milk production and can cause tissue irritation. 

Avoid deep or vigorous massage. This can make inflammation worse. If massage is used, try using only very gentle lymphatic drainage–type massage. Watch a lymphatic massage technique video for more information.  

Avoid using nipple shields or other devices on your breasts. 

You should talk to a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following: 

• Fever that persists beyond 24 hours
• Fast heart rate (tachycardia)
• Spreading redness on breast
• Breast feels hot, swollen or very painful to the touch
• Chills, body aches, or worsening flu-like symptoms
• Feeling increasingly unwell
• Swollen or painful lymph nodes in the underarm 

Antibiotics may be required if a bacterial infection is suspected. You can continue breastfeeding while taking antibiotics.