Topic Overview

Protecting your skin

Most skin cancer can be prevented. Use the following tips to protect your skin from the sun. You may decrease your chances of developing skin cancer and help prevent wrinkles.

Although people with darker skin don't sunburn as easily, they can still get skin cancer. So it's important to use sun protection, no matter what your skin colour is.

Avoid sun exposure

The best way to prevent a sunburn is to avoid sun exposure.

Stay out of the midday sun (from 11 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon), which is the strongest sunlight. Find shade if you need to be outdoors. You can also calculate how much ultraviolet (UV) exposure you are getting by using the shadow rule: A shadow that is longer than you are means UV exposure is low; a shadow that is shorter than you are means the UV exposure is high.

Other ways to protect yourself from the sun include wearing protective clothing, such as:

• Hats with wide 10 cm (4 in.) brims that cover your neck, ears, eyes, and scalp.
• Sunglasses with UV ray protection, to prevent eye damage.
• Loose-fitting, tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs.
• Clothing made with sun protective fabric. These clothes have a special label that tells you how effective they are in protecting your skin from ultraviolet rays.

Preventing sun exposure in children

You should start protecting your child from the sun when he or she is a baby. Because children spend a lot of time outdoors playing, they get most of their lifetime sun exposure in their first 18 years.

• It's safest to keep babies younger than 12 months out of the sun. Do not use sunscreen on babies younger than 6 months old.
• Teach children the ABCs of how to protect their skin from getting sunburned.
  • A = Away. Stay away from the sun as much as possible from 11 in the morning until 4 in the afternoon. Find shade if you need to be outdoors.
  • B = Block. Use a sunscreen and lip balm with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher to protect babies' and children's very sensitive skin.
  • C = Cover up. Wear clothing that covers the skin, hats with wide brims, and sunglasses with UV protection. Even children should wear sunglasses with UV protection.

Sunscreen protection

If you can't avoid being in the sun, use a sunscreen to help protect your skin while you are in the sun.

Be sure to read the information on the sunscreen label about its SPF value and how much protection it gives your skin. Follow the directions on the label for applying the sunscreen so it is most effective in protecting your skin from the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Choosing a sunscreen

• Sunscreens come in lotions, gels, creams, ointments, and sprays. Use a sunscreen that:
  • Has a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 or higher.
  • Says "broad-spectrum" that protects the skin from ultraviolet A and B (UVA and UVB) rays.
• Use lip balm or cream that has SPF of 30 or higher to protect your lips from getting sunburned.
• Take extra care to protect your skin when you're near water, at higher elevations, or in tropical climates.

Some sunscreens say they are water-resistant or waterproof and can protect for about 40 minutes in the sun if a person is doing a water activity.

Applying a sunscreen

• Apply the sunscreen at least 15 to 30 minutes before going in the sun.
• Apply sunscreen to all the skin that will be exposed to the sun, including the nose, ears, neck, scalp, and lips. Sunscreen needs to be applied evenly over the skin and in the amount recommended on the label. Most sunscreens are not completely effective because they are not applied correctly. It usually takes about 30 mL (1 fl oz) to cover an adult's body.
• Apply sunscreen every 2 to 3 hours while in the sun and after swimming or sweating a lot. The SPF value decreases if a person sweats heavily or is in water, because water on the skin reduces the amount of protection the sunscreen provides.

Other sunscreen tips

The following tips about sunscreen will help you use it more effectively:

• If your skin is sensitive to skin products or you have had a skin reaction (allergic reaction) to a sunscreen, use a sunscreen that is free of chemicals, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), preservatives, perfumes, and alcohol.
• If you are going to have high exposure to the sun, consider using a physical sunscreen, such as zinc oxide, which will stop most of the sunlight from reaching the skin.
• If you need to use sunscreen and insect repellent with DEET, do not use a product that combines the two. You can apply sunscreen first and then apply the insect repellent with DEET, but the sunscreen needs to be reapplied every 2 hours.

Do not use tanning booths to get a tan. Artificial tanning devices can cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer. If you want your skin to look tan, try a sunless tanning cream or spray that makes your skin look tan. And keep using sunscreen when you are in the sun.

For information on sun exposure and vitamin D, see Getting Enough Calcium and Vitamin D.