How do I protect my skin from UV radiation and skin cancer?

You can take steps to protect your skin from UV radiation. While sunscreen plays a vital role in protecting your skin from UV radiation, it can't prevent skin damage if you are exposed to the sun's rays for long periods of time. Experts recommend that you use multiple methods to fully protect your skin.

Preventing skin cancer isn't always possible. But being alert for new spots or skin growths and having your doctor check your skin regularly may help find skin cancer early when it can be more easily treated.

Protect your skin

• Stay out of the sun during the peak hours of UV radiation, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
• Wear protective clothing:
  • Wide-brimmed hats that protect the face and neck
  • Tightly-woven clothing made of thick material, such as unbleached cotton, polyester, wool, or silk
  • Dark clothing with dyes added that help absorb UV radiation
  • Loose-fitting long-sleeved clothing that covers as much of the skin as possible
  • Clothing that has sun protection factor (SPF) in the fabric that does not wash out
• Wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, summer and winter, on both cloudy and clear days.
• Apply sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB radiation to all exposed skin, including lips, ears, back of the hands, and neck. Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going in the sun, and reapply it every 2 hours and after swimming, exercising, or sweating.
• Wear wraparound sunglasses that block at least 99% of UVA and UVB radiation.
• Be careful when you are on sand, snow, or water, because these surfaces can reflect 85% of the sun's rays.
• Avoid artificial sources of UVA radiation, including sunlamps and tanning booths. Like the sun, they can cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer.

A child's skin is more sensitive to the sun than an adult's skin and is more easily burned. Keep babies younger than 12 months out of the sun. Do not use sunscreen on babies younger than 6 months old.

Know the ABCDEs of early detection

Skin cancer can be cured if found and treated early. If it is not discovered or treated until too late, it can spread throughout the body and may be fatal. Skin cancer often appears on the trunk of men and on the legs of women. Learn your ABCDEs, the changes in a mole or skin growth that are warning signs of melanoma:

• Asymmetry: One half doesn't match the other half.
• Border irregularity: The edges are ragged, notched, or blurred.
• Colour: The pigmentation is not uniform. Shades of tan, brown, and black are present. Dashes of red, white, and blue add to the mottled appearance. Colour may spread from the edge of a mole into the surrounding skin.
• Diameter: The size of the mole is greater than 6 mm (0.2 in.), or about the size of a pencil eraser.
• Evolution: There is a change in the size, shape, symptoms (such as itching or tenderness), surface (especially bleeding), or colour of a mole.

Get to know your skin

Skin cancer, including melanoma, is curable if spotted early. A careful skin examination may identify suspicious growths that may be cancer or growths that may develop into skin cancer (precancers).

• Examine your skin regularly. Get to know your moles and birthmarks. And look for any abnormal skin growth and any change in the colour, shape, size, or appearance of a skin growth.
• Check for any area of skin that does not heal after an injury.
• Have your doctor check your skin during any other health examinations. Most experts recommend having your skin examined regularly.
• Bring any suspicious skin growths or changes in a mole to the attention of your doctor.