Overview

Experts agree that mammograms are the best screening test for people at average risk of breast cancer. Guidelines for when to start having mammograms and how often to have them vary from province to province.

You should discuss the benefits and harms of mammograms with your doctor. He or she can help you decide when to start and how often to have a mammogram. Your doctor can help you find a breast cancer screening program in your area.

For people who are at average risk for breast cancer, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommends the following guidelines.^{footnote 1}

• Ages 40 to 49: Regular mammograms are not recommended.
• Ages 50 to 74: Regular mammograms (every 2 to 3 years) are recommended.
• Age 75 and older: You may want to talk to your doctor about whether you need breast cancer screening.

Screening tests

The screening tests for breast cancer include:

Mammogram.

This is an X-ray of the breast that can often find tumours that are too small for you or your doctor to feel. Most of the ones done today are digital mammograms. They record images of the breast in an electronic file.

3-D mammogram (digital breast tomosynthesis).

This test uses X-rays to create a three-dimensional image of the breast. This test may be used alone or with a digital mammogram.

Clinical breast examination (CBE).

During this test, your doctor will carefully feel your breasts and under your arms to check for lumps or other unusual changes. Talk to your doctor about whether to have this test.

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the breast.

An MRI may be used as a screening test if you have a high risk of breast cancer. This includes testing positive for the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene and/or having a strong family history of breast cancer. An MRI may also be useful if you have breast implants or if your breast tissue is very dense.