Urologic oncologists (also called uro-oncologists) are medical doctors who diagnose and treat cancers of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs. This includes treating prostate, penile, and testicular cancer in men and kidney and bladder cancer in women.

A urologic oncologist may be involved in finding out the type and extent of cancer. He or she may be involved in providing treatments such as chemotherapy.

After treatment, a urologic oncologist provides follow-up care. He or she watches the progress of a person who has had cancer. If the person's cancer returns, this doctor resumes care for him or her.